GITHUB_TOKEN Permissions

Declare what the token may do

Each run gets an automatic GITHUB_TOKEN scoped to the repository. Set permissions: at the workflow or job level to the minimum needed (contents: read for CI; add pull-requests: write to comment, packages: write to publish, id-token: write for OIDC). Once you specify any permission, unspecified scopes become none. Set the organisation or repository default to read-only so new workflows start safe. Scope names are checked by actionlint, as the earlier lint showed for pull-request versus pull-requests.

Least privilege, untrusted input, pinned dependencies

Workflows hold credentials and run code; treat them as production infrastructure.

Minimal permissions per job

Not linted or run here; check the GitHub Actions documentation for current syntax.

permissions:
  contents: read            # default for every job in this workflow

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps: [ { uses: actions/checkout@v4 }, { run: npm test } ]
  comment:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: write  # only this job may comment
    steps: [ { run: gh pr comment "$PR" --body "Tests passed" } ]

Default the org to read-only

Organisation settings can make the token read-only by default, forcing workflows to request write access explicitly.

त्वरित जाँच: What happens to unspecified scopes once you set permissions:?

• They keep the repository default
• They become write
• They are set to none
• The workflow fails to start